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311 lines
14 KiB
311 lines
14 KiB
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<% include ../partials/head %>
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</head>
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<body class="container">
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<header>
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<% include ../partials/header %>
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</header>
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<main>
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<div class="row">
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<div class="col-sm-8">
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<div class="jumbotron">
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<h1>EnlivenMinetest</h1>
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<p>Modding.</p>
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<h2> <!--result--></h2>
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<p><%= msg %></p>
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</div>
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<div>
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<h2>Resources</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://git.minetest.org/minetest/minetest/src/branch/master/doc/lua_api.txt">doc/lua_api.txt</a> on minetest.org (drastically improved over the original github version)</li>
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</ul>
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<h2>Tips</h2>
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* In singleplayer, you have the `privs` privilege. You can give yourself
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all privileges by typing: "/grant singleplayer all" (The same can be
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done with your own username if you are hosting a world). You can use
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"/giveme itemname quantity" where quantity is optional and itemname
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can be found by pushing question mark at the bottom of inventory (i)
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then clicking the item on the crafting guide on the right (see also
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"Common Items for Moderators to Spawn" further down.
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* You can test small pieces of code using the "Run Lua" and "Formspec
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Tester" features of the CoderEdit or WorldEdit GUI if you have the
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privilege.
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<h2>Introduction</h2>
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<p>There are other modding books out there, but they often just rehash
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the documentation of Minetest without explaining much. The Modding
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section of the ENLIVEN Getting Started guide is here to help explain
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some of the assumptions and jargon.
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</p>
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<p>Modding is easy in Minetest, because it is designed to be modded.
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The Minetest client downloads the "game" (collection of mods and
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modpacks) each time you connect to a server, so you don't have to
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install anything yourself. Automatic "game" downloading also means that
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each server can be very different, but load quickly, offering you many
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experiences to try easily.</p>
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<p>Anyone can make a "game" using Minetest by
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writing mods or combining existing mods. Most "games" are based on
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games that are included in the Minetest/games directory--however, some
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games that differ drastically in gameplay can be made if one heavily
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edits or replaces mods that provide core functionality. Must of
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Minetest's core functionality is written in Lua.
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</p>
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<p>Examples are a good way to get started. Since mods are scripted in
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Lua, every mod is open source. Almost every one is released under
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some sort of public license as well, which usually allows you to modify,
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reuse, and redistribute the code (usually under the condition that you
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credit the original author). <i>Some joke licenses exist but DO NOT
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protect your work in cases where they explicitly allow others to copy
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your work and claim it as their own especially if modified it in any
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way--they would just be doing what you said they could do.</i></p>
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<p>The license file sometimes has no file
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extension, so you may have to pick a program to open it in Windows.
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You can open it (or any other text file) in Notepad. However, Geany
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is recommended since there is more than one undo step. For Lua
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programming, you can install ZeroBrane Studio (which is free) then
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install
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"<a href="https://github.com/poikilos/MinetestIDE">MinetestIDE</a>"
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which patches ZeroBrane Studio to provide code completion
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(a form of autocomplete with API usage tips for coding).
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</p>
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<p>Every mod, at minimum, must have a file called init.lua. You
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should also add a description.txt describing it, a README.md or other
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readme file explaining more, and a LICENSE.md or other license file
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MIT License is used for Minetest itself, that is recommended. Some
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people consider using GPL v3 to prevent the program from being used
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on popular mobile devices, since the GPL v3 specifies that a user must
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be able to not only reprogram but also replace the program with their
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recompiled version--this may not be possible if your version shares a
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namespace and key with the application you are changing, and you may not
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have the same connectivity or functionality without using the same key.
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Therefore, components or mods using GPL v3 may prevent their inclusion
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into future version of Minetest "games", as several versions of
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Minetest (often by other names) are on Google Play and the iOS App
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Store.
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You can find the MIT License online and paste it into Notepad or Geany.
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Be sure to fill
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in your name and the year you created the mod. Having a license will
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make sure others feel safe using your mod and redistributing it if
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that's what you want.</p>
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<p>
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API means application programming interface. It is just the set of
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classes and/or functions you use to change the behavior of an existing
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program such as Minetest. Mods that add significant features, such as
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Mobs Redo or codermobs, usually have their own API. You can see all of
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the functions in the api.lua file if the author has followed naming
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conventions and placed public features there. In addition, many mods
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have a api.txt or similarly named files. You can start by opening up
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your minetest directory on your computer (after installing or otherwise
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installing Minetest) and doing a search for api, or just open the
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following files depending on what you want to do:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>minetest/doc/menu_lua_api.txt</li>
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<li>minetest/doc/fst_api.txt</li>
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<li>minetest/doc/lua_api.txt</li>
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<li>minetest/doc/client_lua_api.txt</li>
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<li>minetest/games/Bucket_Game/mods/codercore/areas/api.md</li>
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<li>minetest/games/Bucket_Game/mods/codercore/craft_guide/api_craft_guide.lua</li>
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<li>minetest/games/Bucket_Game/mods/codermobs/mobs/api_new.txt</li>
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<li>minetest/games/Bucket_Game/mods/codermobs/mobs/api.txt</li>
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<li>minetest/games/Bucket_Game/mods/coderbuild/hopper/api.txt</li>
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<li>minetest/games/Bucket_Game/mods/coderbuild/magmatools/textures/magmatools_tool_magmapick.png</li>
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<li>minetest/games/Bucket_Game/mods/coderbuild/castle/castle_gates/api.txt</li>
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<li>minetest/games/Bucket_Game/mods/coderbuild/ambience/api.txt</li>
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<li>minetest/games/Bucket_Game/mods/coderbuild/bonemeal/api.txt</li>
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<li>minetest/games/Bucket_Game/mods/coderbuild/flowerpot/api.md</li>
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<li>minetest/games/Bucket_Game/mods/coderfood/farming/api.txt</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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Remember, you can always look at examples as well. You can find a mod
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that does something similar to what you want, looking at all of the .lua
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files in a mod like that may help.
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</p>
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<h2>Changing Existing Mods</h2>
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<p>A public license allows you to change and rerelease the mod,
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in addition to just being "open source." Many
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mods are on GitHub, GitLab, or notabug.org to allow easy
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forking. Forking is when someone other than the project owner
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makes improvements or fixes (often forking implies keeping it separate
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and not having your changes pulled in to the project owner's version).
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If the changes
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are applicable to everyone, you would usually fork it by clicking "fork"
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which allows you to download your own copy of the mod with "GitHub
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Desktop" for GitHub on Windows or a public licensed program like "Git
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Cola." Then you would make or paste in your changes, go back to the
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program and stage all tracked and untracked changes (not required on
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GitHub Desktop), name the commit, click commit, then click push. Then
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you can go back to the repository online where you got the mod and click
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"pull request" comparing across forks to the "head" from your
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repository, allowing the owner to "accept" the request or comment on
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changes you need to make or regretfully decline. Usually pull requests
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are preceeded by discussion, often at an issue on the issue tracker.
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Unless you are fixing something, you likely will have to present
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something the project owner already wants or is trivial but helpful.
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If the owner declines,
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you can always keep your repository and use and distribute your version
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of the mod if the license allows that. In some cases, you can instead
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just make a mod that overrides an existing mod--that would require
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putting the mod in depends.txt, clearing crafting recipes, and other
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similar steps--see <a href="https://github.com/poikilos/homedecor_ua">
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github.com/poikilos/homedecor_ua</a> for an example.
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</p>
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<h2>Craftitems and Nodes</h2>
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A node is drawn as a block, 3d mesh, or other drawtype and
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is placeable. A craftitem can't be placed, so the only way to get rid
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of it is to drop it, and like other things dropped it will become a
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floating sprite waiting to be picked up by clicking. There are also
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other types of entities in Minetest such as mobs and particles.
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All items that aren't nodes are called craftitems even if they aren't
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used in recipes. You can use the name of a node or craftitem when
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defining a crafting recipe. However, you must depend on the mod being
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used to ensure that it is loaded before your mod, if the item comes
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from a different mod. You can depend on another mod by adding its name
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to the depends.txt file in your mod.
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<h2>Mobs</h2>
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Creating passive or hostile Non-Player Characters or Enemy Characters
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requires a mob api such as Simple Mobs, Mobs Redo, or codermobs
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which share anestry in that order. Codermobs is included in Bucket_Game
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and hence new versions of ENLIVEN. Some other mob frameworks include:
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mobf, Jordan4Ibanez' OpenAI, and others.
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<h3>Codermobs</h3>
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Bucket_Game (the basis for ENLIVEN) has codermobs as the modding
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framework. It is a general purpose API based on Mobs Redo but with
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additional features and fixes. If you want to test your mob or do
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performance testing, you can spawn one or more mobs with one command:
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<pre>
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"/se" (or "/spawnentity") now supports all of the following modes.
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This feature will show up in the next snapshot. For now, you can see
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it working in the online copy of Wonder World.
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/se Ent
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/se Ent Num
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/se Ent Pos
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/se Ent Pos Num
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/se Ent Num Pos
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For example: /se codermobs:badger 5
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The Num parameter is presently limited to 10. The limit may be increased
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or decreased at a later date.
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Note: Spaces are permitted, though optional, before or after commas in
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positions.
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</pre>
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<p style="text-align:right; width=100%">-OldCoder</p>
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<h2>Creating New Ores</h2>
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Creating new ores or other blocks may be confusing after you learn the
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API. If you want about 48 blocks before you find another cluster of
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your ore, then the clust_scarcity should be 48*48*48 since the game is
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3D. The chance of finding a cluster is 1 out of the clust_scarcity
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number. The cluster size (clust_size) only affects the size of the
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"vein" (though technically there are multiple shapes of clusters allowed
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and vein is not recommended since it is hundreds of times slower).
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Minetest uses the generic term cluster to refer to all patterns of ore
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deposits. The number of ores in the cluster is determined by
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clust_num_ores. If your clust_size is 3, then that would be a 3*3*3
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cube (but you just specify 3, not 27 there) and the maximum number of
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ores you could set for clust_num_ores is 27, though that is not
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recommended because then the person would find a 3*3*3 area that is
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completely ore (that would give the person 27 ore each time they found
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a cluster). Generally, the ore is a node (drawn as a block) and the gem
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or metal is a craftitem (drawn as a sprite). You normally should set the
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drop of the ore to a separate craftitem (however, if it is something
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you have to smelt such as a metal, you could drop the ore node, then
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provide a "cooking" crafting recipe to get the metal).</p>
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<p>the absheight option should only be used for ores that should appear
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in mountains. It forces an ore that occurs in a negative range to also
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appear in the corresponding positive range. Another confusing parameter
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of the register_ore function is y_min.
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Most programmers are more concerned with y_max, which is how deep a
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player must dig to have a chance of mining the ore.
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y_min is the value below which the
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ore stops. Sometimes people set this to a very low number that normally
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won't be reached, such as -31000. This number may be useful for certain
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cases where an ore shouldn't occur below a certain point, such as amber
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(all nodes generated in this way are called ores in Minetest even if
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they are not technically a metal or mineral ore and even if they
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cannot be smelted nor drop a mineral--they still use the
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minetest.register_ore function).</p>
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<h2>Appendices</h2>
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<h3>Common Errors</h3>
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<p class="lead"><samp color="darkred">ERROR[Server]: LuaEntity name
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"creatures:chicken" not defined</samp></p>
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<p>If you have the error above, you have removed a mod or customized a
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creature so it has a different name.</p>
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<p>To convert the mob to some other mob, try something like:</p>
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<code>mobs:alias_mob("creatures:chicken", "codermobs:chicken")</code>
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<p>If you have an unknown node (you see blocks in the game that say
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"unknown node" on them), you may need an additional mod to support
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your world. If you removed a mod on purpose or a node was renamed in a
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later version (see nftools example below), you can use Minetest's
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builtin alias function to make a mod to convert the nodes:
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<code>minetest.register_alias("name", "convert_to")</code>
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Example content for init.lua:
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<code>minetest.register_alias("nftools:aquamarine_ore", "nftools:stone_with_turquoise")</code>
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In that case, your depends.txt must contain one line:
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<code>nftools</code>
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</p>
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<p>The alias function may be confusing: You are registering the alias
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parameter 1 for parameter 2, which means that you are defining parameter
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1 as an alias--not a real item--but another name for convert_to. When
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the world is saved, only convert_to will be saved. If you are sure that
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all of the world was loaded that contained the problematic nodes
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(players visited all of those areas) then you can remove your
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transitional mod.</p>
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<h3>Common Items for Moderators to Spawn</h3>
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(list of item names for /giveme itemname)
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<pre>
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glass
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default:obsidian_glass
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moreblocks:wood_tile
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technic:concrete
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stairs:stair_desert_stonebrick
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stairs:stair_wood
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stairs:stair_goldblock
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stairs:stair_lapis_brick
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mossycobble lapis:lapis_brick
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mesecons_lightstone:lightstone_red_off
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mesecons_torch:mesecon_torch_on
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wool:white
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technic:stainless_steel_block
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lapis:base_lazurite_block
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#white seams:
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lapis:column_lazurite_brick
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lapis:base_lazurite_brick
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#subtle seams:
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lapis:column_lapis_brick
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lapis:base_lapis_brick
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lapis:base_lapis_block
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lapis:column_lapis_block
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default:fence_aspen_wood
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</pre><h3>Historical Resources</h3>
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(may only apply to minetest.net (same as GitHub.com/minetest) releases which have a heavily changed API without backward compatibility)
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://rubenwardy.com/minetest_modding_book/en/index.html">The Minetest Modding Book</a> on rubenwardy.com</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</main>
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<footer>
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<% include ../partials/footer %>
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</footer>
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</body>
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</html>
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